From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Yanji 延吉市 · 연길시 |
|
|---|---|
| County-level city | |
Yanji skyline, 2010.
|
|
 Location in Yanbian Prefecture; Yanji is highlighted in red |
|
Yanji
|
|
| Coordinates: 42°54′N 129°30′ECoordinates: 42°54′N 129°30′E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| Prefecture | Yanbian |
| Township-level divisions | 6 subdistricts 3 towns |
| Seat | Henan Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,332 km2 (514 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 179 m (587 ft) |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 400,000 |
| • Density | 300/km2 (780/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Website | yanji |
| Yanji | |||
| Chinese | 延吉市 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Postal Map | Yenchi | ||
|
|||
| Chinese Korean name | |||
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 연길시 | ||
|
|||
| South Korean name | |||
| Hangul | 옌지 시 | ||
|
|||
History
Yanji and its environs were largely unpopulated until the 1800s when Qing dynasty rulers of China began to encourage migration there, as an effort to stem encroaching Russian expansion.[1]Yanji is now part of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture which is situated in the most easterly part of Jilin.[2] Yanji City is centrally located, surrounded by five other county-level cities and two rural counties (see map); it is the administrative seat of the prefecture.[3]
International incidents
The North Korean military detonated its second nuclear test in May 2009 close to the Chinese border, and the blast set off an earthquake of magnitude 4.5 with an epicenter only 112 mi (180 km) from Yanji.[4] The mutual goodwill of the Chinese and Korean populations in the region was put under severe strain, and many in Yanji expressed newfound feelings of dismay and insecurity regarding their North Korean neighbors.[4]A South Korean pastor, The Reverend Kim Dong-shik, was kidnapped in Yanji in January 2000, one of numerous well-publicized North Korean abductions of South Koreans: a suspect of mixed Korean-Chinese descent, said to have been trained in Pyongyang, was arrested and charged with the crime in December 2004.[5]
Yanji was the starting point of an international dispute in 2009 when two American journalists Euna Lee and Laura Ling were detained by North Korean border guards when, after leaving Yanji, they overstepped the nearby demarcation line.[6] The two were freed only after intervention at the highest level, by former US President Clinton.[7]
Crystal meth seeping across the border from North Korea has led to a drug problem.[8] According to a Brookings report, "Jilin Province is not only the most important transshipment point for drugs from North Korea into China, but has itself become one of the largest markets in China for amphetamine-type stimulants." Yanji had registered nearly 2100 drug addicts in 2010 compared to just 44 in 1990; local officials admitted that the actual number was possibly five or six times higher.[9]
Geography and climate
Yanji is situated among foothills, with the main metropolitan area contained in a small, very flat area.[10] It is ringed by mountains dotted with small, remote farming communities.[11] It has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (classified in the Köppen system as Dwb), with long, very cold winters, and short, but very warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −13.6 °C (7.5 °F) in January to 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 5.40 °C (41.7 °F) and a total precipitation of 530 millimetres (20.9 in), most of it falling during the summer. Sunshine is generous but falling far short of the central and western parts of Jilin; with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 39% in July to 62% in February, there are 2,280 hours of bright sunshine annually.| [hide]Climate data for Yanji (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−2.2 (28) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
3.9 (39) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
12.29 (54.13) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −19.4 (−2.9) |
−16 (3) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.2 (63) |
17.1 (62.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−8 (18) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−0.38 (31.31) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.146) |
5.2 (0.205) |
8.3 (0.327) |
25.2 (0.992) |
54.0 (2.126) |
88.8 (3.496) |
115.3 (4.539) |
121.9 (4.799) |
64.1 (2.524) |
24.6 (0.969) |
10.8 (0.425) |
6.4 (0.252) |
528.3 (20.8) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.1 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 14.3 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 101.2 |
| Avg. relative humidity (%) | 59 | 55 | 53 | 55 | 60 | 75 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 67 | 62 | 61 | 65.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 170.4 | 183.2 | 225.3 | 213.2 | 233.6 | 190.0 | 181.0 | 187.5 | 197.6 | 199.5 | 157.7 | 140.8 | 2,279.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 59 | 62 | 61 | 53 | 52 | 42 | 39 | 44 | 53 | 58 | 54 | 50 | 51 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration,[12] | |||||||||||||
Earthquakes
The Chinese-Russian border around Yanji is a region well known as susceptible to earthquakes: the most recent earthquake struck in February 2010 and registered 6.5 on the Richter scale.[13]Administrative divisions
Yanji has six subdistricts and three towns.[14]Subdistricts:
- Henan Subdistrict (河南街道 / 하남가도), Jiangong Subdistrict (建工街道 / 건공가도), Xinxing Subdistrict (新兴街道 / 신흥가도), Gongyuan Subdistrict (公园街道 / 공원가도), Chaoyang Subdistrict (朝阳街道 / 조양가도), Beishan Subdistrict (北山街道 / 북산가도)
Demographics
An elderly local
Economy
With its current population estimated at four hundred thousand,[10] Yanji is comparatively small by Chinese standards (for comparison, the population of Shanghai is almost twenty million).[19] Yanji is also relatively young: the city was developed only in the nineteenth century[1] and became the regional capital after the Second World War.[20] Recent growth in tourism and overseas investment has helped to make Yanji a notably prosperous city.[17] It abounds with modern architecture of steel and glass,[17] and its broad avenues[17][18] are conspicuously clean and well-maintained.[18] In modern times, Yanji has become a city of transport and trade.[21] China is the largest trading partner of North Korea, accounting for almost 40% of that country's international commerce, and Yanji is the center of much of the cross-border enterprise.[21]Beyond North Korea, other countries have begun to partner with Yanji business groups: currently there are over five hundred joint ventures with international partners ongoing in Yanji.[17] Much of the recent investment has been made by South Korea[22][23] and Taiwan, which has helped substantially in building the city's tourism industry.[17]
Yanji also burnishes its reputation as a center of tourism by hosting the annual North China Travel Fair. Held every year since 1996, the fair is one of the largest of its kind in the country, showcasing over a thousand exhibitions representing cultural and economic partners from across China and overseas.[24] Yanji also hosts the Tumen River Area International Investment & Business Forum, a three-day exposition held annually since 2000.[25]
Transport and infrastructure
Daily train service to most major urban centers of the province is available from Yanji, including a 24-hour trip to Beijing.[3] A much shorter trip to the Chinese capital can be arranged at Yanji Chaoyangchuan Airport which serves the area with scheduled passenger flights domestically and to Korea.[3] International air service is provided by the Changchun Longjia Airport, and surface travel to Changchun itself has been made more accessible since the large Changchun-Yanji Expressway was opened to the public in 2009.[26]A new 125-mile (201 km) water and sewage pipeline was completed in 2006, linking Yanji and the neighboring cities of Jilin and Songyuan to modern sewage treatment plants along the Songhua River.[27]
As of 2012 Yanji offers the most convenient road access to the Rason Special Economic Zone in North Korea.[28]
Education
Yanbian University is a comprehensive university in Yanji, founded in 1949; it offers eleven programs of study, including four doctoral programs.[29] The university maintains a full-time teaching staff of over 1,400, serving an active student body of over sixteen thousand.[29] One of Yanbian University's graduates, a Korean language major, is Zhang Dejiang, formerly a deputy secretary of the Municipal Committee of Yanji (1983–1985), and now a Vice-Premier of the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing.[30][31]Yanji is also home to the Yanbian University of Science and Technology, a technical research college founded in 1990,[32] and the Yanbian Medical College.[33]
Sport
Yanji hosts sporting events at the 50,000-seat People's Stadium.[34] The city was the eighteenth stop[35] for the Olympic torch relay at the opening of the 2008 Summer Games.[36]Officials from the Guinness Book of World Records visited the athletics stadium at Yanbian University in July 2010 to witness a new world record being set: over one thousand students simultaneously juggled soccer balls with their feet for more than ten seconds.[37]
Culture
Yanji is often described as more of a Korean, rather than Chinese, community.[20] Two all-Korean television channels are produced locally, and others can be freely received from both North and South Korea.[20] Korean cuisine is highly popular and available everywhere.[38] An annual Korean folk festival takes place each September in Yanji, featuring traditional Korean music, dance, painting, and sports.[17]Karaoke is popular in Yanji,[23] and the city even has a burgeoning underground beatboxing scene, which has been documented by filmmaker Liu Feng in Yan Bian Box (2007).[39][40]
Amazing blog and very interesting stuff you got here! I definitely learned a lot from reading through some of your earlier posts as well and decided to drop a comment on this one!
ReplyDelete